The evidence for low carb

For years, doctors followed the dietary guidelines of low fat, high carbohydrates for patients living with type 2 diabetes, but evidence now shows low carb delivers better results.

Low fat often fails to improve long-term glycaemic control or reduce medications.

Defeat Diabetes uses gold-standard evidence to guide patients to better blood glucose and remission through therapeutic carbohydrate reduction. La Trobe University's clinical study results evaluating the efficacy of our program will be released in 2025.

Backed by Diabetes Australia, the UK NHS, and the American Diabetes Association, low carb is the future of therapeutic diabetes management. 

Evidence library

Type 2 diabetes is often seen as a progressive condition that will inevitably worsen over time. However, decades of randomised controlled trials have shown that it doesn't have to be—type 2 diabetes can be put into remission.

Low carb vs low fat

Low carb diet offers superior diabetes control and weight loss

The study compared a very low carb, low-saturated fat diet to a high-carb, low fat diet in 115 adults with type 2 diabetes over 2 years. The low carb diet resulted in better glycemic control and weight loss, suggesting it may be more effective for managing type 2 diabetes.

Low carb diet reduces inflammation in type 2 diabetes

Compared to a low fat diet, a two-year study showed the low carb diet significantly reduced low-grade inflammation compared to low fat suggesting it's more beneficial for managing inflammation in type 2 diabetes.

Low carb diet reduces medications and improves lipid profiles

The study compared low carb (LC) and high carb (HC) diets in type 2 diabetes patients over two years. Both led to similar weight loss and HbA1c reductions, but the LC diet reduced medication use, improved glucose stability, and lipid profiles.

Low carb vs Very Low carb

Diabetic Medicine

Short-term carb restriction boosts weight loss in diabetes

A 3-month study on obese Type 2 diabetes patients showed that severe carbohydrate restriction led to greater weight loss (-3.55 kg vs. -0.92 kg) and improved cholesterol:HDL ratio1. However, it increased relative saturated fat intake (13.9% vs. 11.0%).

Nature

VLCK diet shows greater weight loss and safety in diabetes

The study found that a very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCK) is safe and well-tolerated for short-term use in type 2 diabetes patients. It resulted in greater weight loss and improved glycemic control, with no serious adverse events reported.

Very low carb diet reduces HbA1c and medication use

The study compared a medium carb, low fat diet (MCCR) with a very low carb, high fat diet (LCK) in type 2 diabetes patients. The LCK group had greater HbA1c reductions, less medication use, and better glycemic control, while both groups lost weight

Low carb ketogenic diet improves glycemic control and weight loss

Participants in the very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet group saw significant improvements in glycemic control (HbA1c reduction) and weight loss compared to the control group1. They also experienced greater reductions in triglyceride levels and had a lower dropout rate.

Very low carb diet outperforms DASH diet

The study compared a very low carb (VLC) diet with the DASH diet for adults with hypertension, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, and overweight or obesity. The VLC diet led to greater improvements in systolic blood pressure, glycemic control, and weight over 4 months. Extra support did not significantly affect outcomes3.

Low carb vs Low calorie

Low carb diet reduces HbA1c and BMI in Japanese patients

A 6-month study comparing a 130g/day low carbohydrate diet (LCD) to a calorie-restricted diet (CRD) in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes found that the LCD significantly reduced HbA1c and BMI more than the CRD, suggesting LCD as a beneficial nutrition therapy.

Low energy low carb diet shows significant short-term health gains

The study examined a low energy, low carbohydrate diet for type 2 diabetes patients. Over 12 weeks, participants on the diet lost an average of 9.5 kg and reduced HbA1c by 16.3 mmol/mol, compared to 2 kg weight loss and 0.7 mmol/mol HbA1c reduction in the control group. 

Very low carb diet leads to better diabetes management 

The study compared three diets for type 2 diabetes management: a very low carb diet (6x6), a moderate low carb diet (LC), and an energy restricted diet (ER)1. The 6x6 diet led to greater weight loss, lower HbA1C levels, and reduced diabetes medication use over 12 months compared to LC and ER diets

Internal Medicine Journal

Low carb diet yields superior weight loss and health benefits

In a one-year randomized trial, severely obese adults on a low carbohydrate diet lost an average of 5.1 kg, compared to 3.1 kg on a conventional diet. The low carb group saw greater improvements in triglyceride levels, HDL cholesterol, and hemoglobin A1c. 

Internal Medicine Journal

Non-calorie-restricted low carb diet lowers HbA1c and triglycerides

A non-calorie-restricted, low-carbohydrate diet significantly reduced HbA1c levels (from 7.6% to 7.0%) and triglyceride levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes over six months, compared to a calorie-restricted diet, without major adverse effects.

Low carb vs Low GI

BMC Nutrition + Metabolism

Low Carb Diet Outperforms Low-GI for Type 2 Diabetes

Comparison of a low carb, ketogenic diet to a low glycemic index diet in 84 patients with type 2 diabetes over 24 weeks. The low carb diet resulted in better glycemic control and more frequent medication reductions/eliminations.

Diabetes Medication

Low carb diet improves HbA1c and reduces medications over Orlistat

A study comparing a low carb diet (LCD) and a low fat diet with orlistat (LFD+O) in type 2 diabetes patients found that while both diets resulted in similar weight loss, the LCD significantly improved HbA1c levels and reduced the need for antiglycaemic medications more effectively than the LFD+O.

Low carb diet improves glycemic control and reduces medication use

A low carb diet (LCD) significantly improves glycemic control and reduces body weight in type 2 diabetes patients compared to a low fat diet (LFD). The LCD group showed notable decreases in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c levels, and medication use, highlighting its potential for effective diabetes management.

Very low carb diet reduces HbA1c and medication use

A 6-week study found that a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet (CRHP) improved glycaemic control and reduced liver fat more effectively than a conventional diabetes diet (CD), despite similar weight loss in both groups. The CRHP diet also stabilized glucose levels and reduced fasting triacylglycerol.

Low carb and Lipids

Low carb improves glycemic control with no adverse lipid effects

The study found that a moderate low carb diet (90 g/day) significantly improved glycaemic control, reduced medication use, lowered blood pressure, and decreased weight, waist, and hip circumference in type 2 diabetes patients over 18 months, without adverse effects on lipid profiles, sdLDL, or carotid IMT1.

Low carb diet boosts glycemic control without cardiovascular risk

A 6-month low carb diet significantly improved glycaemic control, body composition, and did not negatively impact cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes patients1. Carbohydrate intake was reduced to 13.4%, fat intake increased to 63.2%, and notable reductions in HbA1c, weight, BMI, and waist circumference were observed.

Low carb and Support

Nature

Pharmacist-led low carb diet reduces diabetes medications

The study found that a pharmacist-led, low carbohydrate, energy-restricted diet significantly reduced the need for glucose-lowering medications in type 2 diabetes patients1. Participants showed improvements in HbA1c, weight, blood pressure, and triglycerides, highlighting the potential of pharmacists in diabetes management.

Nature

Web-based low carb program boosts diabetes control and weight loss

The T2Diet Study found that a web-based low carb diet (LCD) program significantly improved glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Over 16 weeks, participants saw notable reductions in HbA1c, weight, BMI, and anti-glycaemic medication requirements compared to standard care alone.

Low carb diet lowers HbA1c and weight in pre-diabetes study

A 6-month randomized clinical trial found that a low carbohydrate diet significantly reduced HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and body weight in individuals with elevated HbA1c not on diabetes medication, suggesting potential benefits for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes, along with additional counselling and suppoprt.

Low carb can have lasting benefits

Clinical evidence shows that low carb diets can lead to significant, lasting improvements in type 2 diabetes management. The programs here highlight the long-term benefits of a low carb lifestyle:

Virta Health (US)

50% of participants achieved remission, with a 1.3% drop in HbA1c and 90% reducing or eliminating insulin use.

 Norwood Surgery (UK)

50% of patients achieved type 2 diabetes remission, significantly lowering their HbA1c and medication use over the years.

Low Carb Program (UK)

26% of participants reduced HbA1c below the diabetes threshold, and 40% cut back or stopped diabetes meds.

The latest science and evidence

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